[20]. The aim for the LFI strip test is to detect FMDV viral antigens from clinical samples. all tested serotype A (n= 39) and Asia 1 field isolates (n=17). Whereas the test for serotype O detected 45 out of 46 field isolates. The sensitivity of this strip test was comparable with the double antibody sandwich ELISA for viral antigen detection. All vesicular fluid and epithelium samples collected from experimentally infected animals with serotype O, A and Asia 1 were identified as positive by the LFI strip test. Swab samples (n=11) collected over the lesion area from experimentally inoculated animals (serotype A) were examined. All of them demonstrated positive results using the LFI serotype A strip FLN test and double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA. Conclusions The ability of strip tests to produce rapid results and high specificity makes it a valuable tool for early detection of FMDV O, A and Asia 1 in the field. Keywords: Foot-and-mouth disease virus, Rapid viral antigen detection, Lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test Introduction Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the Homocarbonyltopsentin worlds most widespread epizootic and highly contagious animal diseases. More than 100 countries are not yet recognized as officially free of FMD by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The rapid spread of the disease in affected animals generates significant economic losses worldwide. Based on serological tests, FMD virus (FMDV) is recognized as seven serotypes: O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. There are a large number of subtypes within each serotype due to extensive genetic and antigenic variation among them [1,2]. Among the seven serotypes of FMDV, O and A are the most widespread and currently found in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, limited part of South America and sporadically in Europe. Asia 1 is definitely primarily found in Asia, periodically into the Middle East and occasionally Europe [3]. SAT 1, 2, and 3 are primarily restricted to Africa. Outbreaks of SAT 1 and 2 in the Middle East have been reported [4,5]. Viruses of serotype C right now appear extremely rare or may even have totally disappeared; the last confirmed Homocarbonyltopsentin case was the Amazon region of Brazil in 2004 and Kenya in 2005 [6,7]. The event of FMD outbreak shows the need to develop quick checks for early analysis in affected areas. The quick virus identification offers important clinical, economic, and epidemiological implications. Numerous laboratory methods are currently available for FMDV detection, including disease isolation, real-time reverse-transcription (RRT) PCR and double antibody sandwich (DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Even though ELISA is definitely relatively simple and easy to perform, it is hard to perform the test in the field and take hours to obtain results. These assays require laboratory procedures, well-trained staff, and unique equipment/facilities. It would be impractical and too much costly for those countries Homocarbonyltopsentin to keep up a diagnostic laboratory with full capabilities for confirmatory analysis of FMD. The lateral circulation immunochromatographic (LFI) strip checks have been widely used for the analysis of many contagious diseases and the detection of bioactive molecules, such as hormones, haptens, and many others [7-9]. The LFI strip test offers many advantages including low cost, short timeline for development, ease of carrying out and result interpretation, minimum amount of teaching for personnel and no unique equipment required. The test can be performed rapidly on-site during a major epidemic. Recently, LFI strip checks have been efficiently applied to the detection of specific antibodies against FMDV non-structural protein [10] and FMDV serotype O [11]. The LFI strip checks have also been developed for the detection of non-serotype specific FMDV [12,13]. The availability of the non-serotype specific strip test would allow for the on-site analysis of suspected FMD outbreaks. A limiting factor for this non-serotype specific strip test is that they are unable to determine the serotype of FMDV, therefore reducing their potential benefit in endemic countries, where quick recognition of the serotype may be essential to disease control [14]. The development of the LFI strip test for solitary serotypes will become useful for quick detection in a secondary outbreak situation in which the serotype was recognized from the initial outbreak. It can also be used to provide evidence of the disease distributing around the initial outbreak, therefore reducing the delay in specimen submission for screening. The LFI strip checks were developed for quick screening of FMDV serotypes A and Asia 1 [15,16]. A strip test to identify FMDV serotypes O, A, and Asia 1 has been reported [15]. However, polyclonal sera from rabbits and guinea pigs were used as.

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